SOQL on UserRecordAccess entity can be used to find user’s record access in Salesforce.
Sample SOQL:
SELECT RecordId, HasReadAccess, HasTransferAccess, MaxAccessLevel, HasAllAccess, HasDeleteAccess
FROM UserRecordAccess
WHERE UserId = '0058c000007oEERAA2'
AND RecordId = '0018c000026ZmPmAAK'
Output: