All the Salesforce triggers will be stored in ApexTrigger Entity. So, we can execute a SOQL fetch all the trigger names from a Salesforce Organization.
Sample SOQL:
SELECT Id, Name, TableEnumOrId FROM ApexTrigger
SELECT Id, Name, TableEnumOrId FROM ApexTrigger
For additional columns/fields, check the below link
https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api.meta/api/sforce_api_objects_apextrigger.htm
How to get trigger names and the objects on the trigger
Use TableEnumOrId to get the object associated to the trigger.
how to query the Trigger name, object name and Version on trigger
Use TableEnumOrId to get the object associated to the trigger.
how to get list of ApexClass?
Use ApexClass.
https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api.meta/api/sforce_api_objects_apexclass.htm